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Metrics and analytics

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D1 exposes database analytics that allow you to inspect query volume, query latency, and storage size across all and/or each database in your account.

The metrics displayed in the Cloudflare dashboard charts are queried from Cloudflare’s GraphQL Analytics API. You can access the metrics programmatically via GraphQL or HTTP client.

Metrics

D1 currently exports the below metrics:

MetricGraphQL Field NameDescription
Read Queries (qps)readQueriesThe number of read queries issued against a database. This is the raw number of read queries, and is not used for billing.
Write Queries (qps)writeQueriesThe number of write queries issued against a database. This is the raw number of write queries, and is not used for billing.
Rows read (count)rowsReadThe number of rows read (scanned) across your queries. See Pricing for more details on how rows are counted.
Rows written (count)rowsWrittenThe number of rows written across your queries.
Query Response (bytes)queryBatchResponseBytesThe total response size of the serialized query response, including any/all column names, rows and metadata. Reported in bytes.
Query Latency (ms)queryBatchTimeMsThe total query response time, including response serialization, on the server-side. Reported in milliseconds.
Storage (Bytes)databaseSizeBytesMaximum size of a database. Reported in bytes.

Metrics can be queried (and are retained) for the past 31 days.

Row counts

D1 returns the number of rows read, rows written (or both) in response to each individual query via the Workers Binding API.

Row counts are a precise count of how many rows were read (scanned) or written by that query. Inspect row counts to understand the performance and cost of a given query, including whether you can reduce the rows read using indexes. Use query counts to understand the total volume of traffic against your databases and to discern which databases are actively in-use.

Refer to the Pricing documentation for more details on how rows are counted.

View metrics in the dashboard

Per-database analytics for D1 are available in the Cloudflare dashboard. To view current and historical metrics for a database:

  1. In the Cloudflare dashboard, go to the D1 page.

    dash.cloudflare.com

  2. Select an existing D1 database.

  3. Select the Metrics tab.

You can optionally select a time window to query. This defaults to the last 24 hours.

Query via the GraphQL API

You can programmatically query analytics for your D1 databases via the GraphQL Analytics API. This API queries the same datasets as the Cloudflare dashboard, and supports GraphQL introspection.

D1's GraphQL datasets require an accountTag filter with your Cloudflare account ID and include:

  • d1AnalyticsAdaptiveGroups
  • d1StorageAdaptiveGroups
  • d1QueriesAdaptiveGroups

Examples

To query the sum of readQueries, writeQueries for a given $databaseId, grouping by databaseId and date:

query D1ObservabilitySampleQuery(
	$accountTag: string!
	$start: Date
	$end: Date
	$databaseId: string
) {
	viewer {
		accounts(filter: { accountTag: $accountTag }) {
			d1AnalyticsAdaptiveGroups(
				limit: 10000
				filter: { date_geq: $start, date_leq: $end, databaseId: $databaseId }
				orderBy: [date_DESC]
			) {
				sum {
					readQueries
					writeQueries
				}
				dimensions {
					date
					databaseId
				}
			}
		}
	}
}

To query both the average queryBatchTimeMs and the 90th percentile queryBatchTimeMs per database:

query D1ObservabilitySampleQuery2(
	$accountTag: string!
	$start: Date
	$end: Date
	$databaseId: string
) {
	viewer {
		accounts(filter: { accountTag: $accountId }) {
			d1AnalyticsAdaptiveGroups(
				limit: 10000
				filter: { date_geq: $start, date_leq: $end, databaseId: $databaseId }
				orderBy: [date_DESC]
			) {
				quantiles {
					queryBatchTimeMsP90
				}
				dimensions {
					date
					databaseId
				}
			}
		}
	}
}

To query your account-wide readQueries and writeQueries:

query D1ObservabilitySampleQuery3(
	$accountTag: string!
	$start: Date
	$end: Date
	$databaseId: string
) {
	viewer {
		accounts(filter: { accountTag: $accountTag }) {
			d1AnalyticsAdaptiveGroups(
				limit: 10000
				filter: { date_geq: $start, date_leq: $end, databaseId: $databaseId }
			) {
				sum {
					readQueries
					writeQueries
				}
			}
		}
	}
}

Query insights

D1 provides metrics that let you understand and debug query performance. You can access these via GraphQL's d1QueriesAdaptiveGroups or wrangler d1 insights command.

D1 captures your query strings to make it easier to analyze metrics across query executions. Bound parameters are not captured to remove any sensitive information.

Note

wrangler d1 insights is an experimental Wrangler command. Its options and output may change.

Run wrangler d1 insights --help to view current options.

OptionDescription
--timePeriodFetch data from now to the provided time period (default: 1d).
--sort-typeThe operation you want to sort insights by. Select between sum and avg (default: sum).
--sort-byThe field you want to sort insights by. Select between time, reads, writes, and count (default: time).
--sort-directionThe sort direction. Select between ASC and DESC (default: DESC).
--jsonA boolean value to specify whether to return the result as clean JSON (default: false).
--limitThe maximum number of queries to be fetched.

Note

The quantity queryEfficiency measures how efficient your query was. It is calculated as: the number of rows returned divided by the number of rows read.

Generally, you should try to get queryEfficiency as close to 1 as possible. Refer to Use indexes for more information on efficient querying.

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