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Object generation failed with OpenAI

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Issue

When using structured output generation with OpenAI, you may encounter a NoObjectGeneratedError with the finish reason content-filter. This error occurs when your Zod schema contains incompatible types that OpenAI's structured output feature cannot process.

// Problematic code - incompatible schema types
import { generateText, Output } from 'ai';
import { openai } from '@ai-sdk/openai';
import { z } from 'zod';

const result = await generateText({
  model: openai('gpt-4o-2024-08-06'),
  output: Output.object({
    schema: z.object({
      name: z.string().nullish(), // ❌ .nullish() is not supported
      email: z.string().optional(), // ❌ .optional() is not supported
      age: z.number().nullable(), // ✅ .nullable() is supported
    }),
  }),
  prompt: 'Generate a user profile',
});

// Error: NoObjectGeneratedError: No object generated.
// Finish reason: content-filter

Background

OpenAI's structured output generation uses JSON Schema under the hood and has specific requirements for schema compatibility. The Zod methods .nullish() and .optional() generate JSON Schema patterns that are incompatible with OpenAI's implementation, causing the model to reject the schema and return a content-filter finish reason.

Solution

Replace .nullish() and .optional() with .nullable() in your Zod schemas when using structured output generation with OpenAI models.

import { generateText, Output } from 'ai';
import { openai } from '@ai-sdk/openai';
import { z } from 'zod';

// Correct approach - use .nullable()
const result = await generateText({
  model: openai('gpt-4o-2024-08-06'),
  output: Output.object({
    schema: z.object({
      name: z.string().nullable(), // ✅ Use .nullable() instead of .nullish()
      email: z.string().nullable(), // ✅ Use .nullable() instead of .optional()
      age: z.number().nullable(),
    }),
  }),
  prompt: 'Generate a user profile',
});

console.log(result.output);
// { name: "John Doe", email: "john@example.com", age: 30 }
// or { name: null, email: null, age: 25 }

Schema Type Comparison

Zod Type	Compatible	JSON Schema Behavior
`.nullable()`	✅ Yes	Allows `null` or the specified type
`.optional()`	❌ No	Field can be omitted (not supported)
`.nullish()`	❌ No	Allows `null`, `undefined`, or omitted (not supported)

For more details on structured output generation, see Generating Structured Data
For OpenAI-specific structured output configuration, see OpenAI Provider - Structured Outputs

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