INVALID_CONCURRENT_GRAPH_UPDATE

A LangGraph StateGraph received concurrent updates to its state from multiple nodes to a state property that doesn't support it.

One way this can occur is if you are using a fanout or other parallel execution in your graph and you have defined a graph like this:

import { StateGraph, StateSchema, START } from "@langchain/langgraph";
import { z } from "zod/v4";  // [!code highlight]

const State = new StateSchema({
  someKey: z.string(),
});

const builder = new StateGraph(State)
  .addNode("node", (state) => {
    return { someKey: "some_string_value" };
  })
  .addNode("otherNode", (state) => {
    return { someKey: "some_string_value" };
  })
  .addEdge(START, "node")
  .addEdge(START, "otherNode");

const graph = builder.compile();

If a node in the above graph returns { someKey: "some_string_value" }, this will overwrite the state value for someKey with "some_string_value". However, if multiple nodes in e.g. a fanout within a single step return values for someKey, the graph will throw this error because there is uncertainty around how to update the internal state.

To get around this, you can define a reducer that combines multiple values:

import { StateSchema, ReducedValue } from "@langchain/langgraph";
import { z } from "zod/v4";

const State = new StateSchema({  // [!code highlight]
  someKey: new ReducedValue(  // [!code highlight]
    z.array(z.string()).default(() => []),  // [!code highlight]
    {
      inputSchema: z.array(z.string()),
      reducer: (existing, update) => existing.concat(update),  // [!code highlight]
    }
  ),
});

This will allow you to define logic that handles the same key returned from multiple nodes executed in parallel.

Troubleshooting

The following may help resolve this error:

• If your graph executes nodes in parallel, make sure you have defined relevant state keys with a reducer.